ജൂത കലണ്ടര്‍ അല്ല സൌദി കലണ്ടര്‍ ആണ്‌ ഹിജ്റ കമ്മറ്റിയുടെ കലണ്ടറിന്‍റെ മാതൃക.

ഹിജ്റ കമ്മറ്റി പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കുന്ന കലണ്ടര്‍ "ജൂത" സൃഷ്ടിയാണ്‌ എന്ന് , വിമര്‍ശകരായ സാമാന്യ ജനം പറയുന്നു. എന്നാല്‍ വിമര്‍ശനത്തിന്‍റെ നേതൃത്വത്തിലുള്ളവര്‍ക്ക് മണിക്‍ഫാന്‍ കലണ്ടറിനെ പറ്റി മറ്റൊരു നിലപാടാണ്‌.

ഹിജ്രകമ്മറ്റിയുടെ കലണ്ടർ മണിക്ഫാൻ ജനിക്കുന്നതിന് മുമ്പ് തന്നെ സൗദി പണ്ഡിതന്മാർ ഉണ്ടാക്കിയ കലണ്ടർ കോപ്പിയടിച്ച് മണിക്ഫാൻ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്നതാണ് എന്ന് എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുണ്ട്. ചുരുക്കത്തിൽ "ജൂത കലണ്ടർ" അല്ല, മറിച്ച് സൗദിയിലെ പണ്ഡിതർ ഉണ്ടാക്കിയത് ആണ് ഹിജ്ര കലണ്ടറിന്റെ മാതൃക.

ഇനി അതിന്‍റെയും മാനദണ്ഡം തെറ്റായിരുന്നു എന്നാണെങ്കില്‍ 100 ല്‍ അധികം കൊല്ലം , സൌദിയിലെ സലഫി പണ്ഡിത കേസരികള്‍ അത് ഉപയോഗിച്ചപ്പോള്‍ അവര്‍ക്ക് 'ഹദീസ്' അറിയില്ലായിരുന്നുവോ ? ഇനി ഹിജ്റ 1420 (1999 AD) ല്‍ , ആ കലണ്ടറിന്‍റെ മാനദണ്ഡം മാറ്റിയെഴുതാന്‍ പുതുതായി വന്ന 'വഹ്‍യ്' എന്തൊക്കെയാണ്‌ ???

കൃത്യമായ കലണ്ടർ ഉണ്ട് , പിന്നെയും "നോക്കിയേ" മാസം തീരുമാനിക്കൂ എന്ന് കരുതുന്നവർ ഉണ്ടാകും. അതവരുടെ സ്വാതന്ത്രം.

കയ്യിൽ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്ന, കൃത്യമായ വാച്ചും കെട്ടി, സമയം അറിയാൻ പിന്നെയും മാനത്ത് നോക്കുന്നവര്‍ക്ക് അങ്ങിനെയാകാം , പക്ഷെ ഇതരർ കൂടി അങ്ങിനെ തന്നെ ചെയ്യണം എന്ന് ശഠിക്കരുത് . അത്ര മാത്രം.

ഞങ്ങളുടെ "കൈയിലെ വാച്ച്" പ്രവർത്തനക്ഷമമാണ് . 353 ദിവസം കലണ്ടർ ശരിയാണെങ്കിൽ , ബാക്കി 3 ദിവസവും അത് ശരി തന്നെയായിരിക്കും.

"അക്ഷരങ്ങളിൽ" കുടുങ്ങിക്കിടക്കുന്നില്ല, "ആശയങ്ങളും തത്വങ്ങളും " ഉൾക്കൊള്ളൂന്നു.

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https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura.htm

The Astronomical Rules Governing the Umm al-Qura Calendar

The dates for Umm al-Qura calendar, used by the government of Saudi Arabia for civil purposes, are now determined at the Institute of Astronomical & Geophysical Research of the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Riyadh from modern astronomical theories of the sun and the moon. In the past, the calculation of the Umm al-Qura calendar has been based on the following astronomical rules:

Before 1395 AH
Uncertain:
Some sources claim that the computed lunar altitude at sunset had to be at least 9° above the horizon at Mecca but this is not confirmed by the dates listed in a calendar conversion table published in the early 1990s by the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Research Institute (Dhahran).

In about 17.5% of all cases (between 1356 AH and 1395 AH) the lunar month actually started before the astronomical new moon (“Birth of the New Moon”) with the lunar crescent already below the horizon at sunset in Mecca (22.0% of all cases). In only 22.2% of all cases could the lunar crescent have been sighted with the naked eye on the first evening of the lunar month.
From 1395 AH to 1419 AH
From the begin of 1395 AH (13 January 1975) until the end of 1419 AH (16 April 1999) the following rule was used:
When the astronomical new moon occurs less than 3 hours after Saudi midnight (equivalent with 0h UT or Greenwich midnight) the lunar month begins at the previous sunset – otherwise at the sunset following that.

This is equivalent with a lunar age at the start of the lunar month of approximately 15 hours or less. In about 33.7% of all cases the lunar month actually started before the astronomical new moon with the lunar crescent already below the horizon at sunset in Mecca (43.3% of all cases). In nearly all cases (99.3%) the lunar crescent would have been invisible to the naked eye on the first evening of the lunar month.
From 1420 AH to 1422 AH
Starting at the begin of 1420 AH (17 April 1999) the following rule was introduced:
On the 29th of the month, the next day is the first day of the [new] month if the moonset is after sunset at Mecca or else the next day is the 30th of the month and [...] the day after is the first day of the new month.

This was equivalent with starting the month on the first evening when moonset occurred after sunset as observed from Mecca, or more precisely, from the Great Mosque of Mecca (al-Masjid al-Harām) where the Kaʾba and the revered Black Stone (al-Hajar al-Aswad) are located.

While these rules insured that the lunar crescent would always be above the horizon at the start of the lunar month it was still possible that this occurred before the astronomical new moon. These anomalous month beginnings can occur when the moon is near its most northerly ecliptic latitude, resulting in moonset occurring after sunset at the latitude of Mecca even before the moment of astronomical new moon. Such cases indeed occurred in Rajab 1421 AH and Shaʿbān 1422 AH, which necessitated the rules to be modified.
Since 1423 AH
From 1423 AH (15 March 2002) onwards, the rules for the Umm al-Qura calendar are:
If on the 29th day of the lunar month the two following conditions are satisfied, then the next day is the first day of the new lunar month:
1. The geocentric conjunction occurs before sunset.
2. The moon sets after the sun.
Otherwise, the current lunar month will last 30 days.

Under the current rules the lunar month will always start after the astronomical new moon and with the lunar crescent abovethe horizon at Mecca (often just barely so). Still, in most cases (about 75%) the lunar crescent will not be visible to the naked eye on the first evening of the lunar month as seen from Mecca (or elsewhere in Saudi Arabia).

http://www.kacst.edu.sa/en/services/ummalqura/Pages/about.aspx
The first issue of the Um Al-Qura calendar was published in 1346H by the government press in Mecca where it was printed until 1399H. The government then decided to have it printed in its press office in Riyadh, where state of the art equipment can produce an elegant modern version of the calendar. To further develop the calendar, a supervisory committee was created, chaired by the president of KACST, with member experts in Islamic Law & Astronomy, to review any studies or remarks related to the calendar. The committee has been active since 1400H, making recommendations on issues pertinent to the calendar.

In 1420 H, the coordinates of the Kaaba were adopted as the basis of the Umm Al-Qura calendar. If moonset occurred after sunset at Mecca, then the day beginning at that sunset was the first day of the new month.

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http://www.moonsighting.com/faq_ms.html

4.11 Question: What is the basis of "Saudi Ummul-Qura (Calendar)"? (Feb 4, 2003)

Answer: Before 1420AH the UmmUlQura Calendar was based on the dark invisible astronomical new moon. More precisely it was based on the criterion, that if the moon is born any time (Greenwich time not Makkah time) on a Gregorian date, then the next day was the first day of the month. A major change in the UmmUlQura Calendar computation criteria occurred starting 1420AH. Starting 1420AH, the new criterion was that the Moonset be after Sunset in Makkah (even by one second). Starting 1423AH, it changed slightly to meet two conditions; moon must be born and Moonset be after Sunset in Makkah. The Saudi authorities say that the UmmUlQura Calendar is merely used for the official dates in the Ministries, schools, payrolls, Saudia Airlines, and indeed all over the country was for civil purposes only, but for religious purposes, they adjust the calendar by moon-sighting. However, the civil calendar sets the stage for the Saudi people in general to try to see the moon on the 29th of civil calendar. The 29th of civil calendar was actually 28th if moon-sighting was the basis. So, in most cases the moon is not sighted on the 29th of civil calendar and the Saudi announcement comes in one of the following forms:
1. "The Supreme Judicial Council endorsed that ....... (date) will be the first day of Ramadan or Shawaal."
2. "The Supreme Judicial Council announced that the moon was not seen, so 30 days will be completed and .... (date) will be the first day of Ramadan or Shawaal."
Note that there is no mention of moonsighting.
Once in a while, someone reports to have seen the moon on 29th day of their civil calendar (on the day of new moon birth, when the moon is completely dark) and the announcement then says:
"The Supreme Judicial Council announced that moon has been seen, so tomorrow will be the first day of Ramadan or Shawaal."