subject: Lunar Phases are the dates for mankind
from: Chief Editor, Hijri Committee of India editorhijri@gmail.com
Assalaamu alaikkum wa Rahmathullaahi wa Barakaath hu
Quran and Sunnah say that starting the new month after seeing the hilaal is a Bid'ah.
Hajj has to be performed on 6 fixed days - Zul Hijjah 8th to 13th and those dates must tally with 8th to 13th phases of moon. Subuhaanallah !!
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from: Chief Editor, Hijri Committee of India editorhijri@gmail.com
Assalaamu alaikkum wa Rahmathullaahi wa Barakaath hu
Quran and Sunnah say that starting the new month after seeing the hilaal is a Bid'ah.
Majority have a feeling that moon-phases of the moon are not lunar dates. This belief is contrary to Quran. Quran 2:189 clearly states that the phases are the dates for mankind - for civil as well as religious purposes. We would like to explain the context at which the verse was revealed, so that all can understand the verse 2:189 better.
In
Quran 2:189, Almighty Allah says that the "Ahillah" are the dates for
the mankind and for Hajj. Why "Hajj" was mentioned? One of the reasons,
may be, the following (ALLAH KNOWS BEST):
Hajj has to be performed on 6 fixed days - Zul Hijjah 8th to 13th and those dates must tally with 8th to 13th phases of moon. Subuhaanallah !!
What is "Ahillah"?
Quran translated in different languages render “Ahillah” as ‘new moons’. We have examined Quran translations in eight languages. All give the same meaning. Ahillah does not mean ‘new moons’ even though it is the plural of Hilaal.
Tabari, Ibn Kathir, Qurtubi etc give clear explanations. People wanted
to know how the moon waned and waxed and they asked the Prophet
(Sallallaahu alaihi wa sallam) about it. From these tafsirs, it is
clearly known that the Sahaba (RA) did not ask about the Hilaals seen
on the first day of every month. They asked how the moon waned and
waxed. Almighty Allah SWT ordered the Prophet (Sallallaahu alaihi wa
sallam) to tell them the purpose behind it. So he (SAW) tells them that they are dates for people and Hajj.
As
one is aware, People need dates to record and plan their activities in
daily life. They were not a community like us using paper and pen. Very
few of them knew that art. So their dates were not in calendars as we
have today. They looked at the moon for their date. Their true calendar
was hung in the sky while false calendars, now-a-days decorate walls of
majority of Muslims, deceiving them in their dates.
The
Mufassireen say that Quran should be interpreted from Quran. One ayath
explains the other. So we should look into Quran, not into man-made
dictionaries for understanding the meanings of the words used in the
Quran.
The word ‘Ahillah’ is used in Quran only once in 2:189. It is not used again anywhere else in Quran. People say that Ahillah is the plural of Hilaal. But ‘Hilaal’ is not found in Quran. Then, how can we know the meaning of this word?
In Surah Yaaseen this word is explained in the verse 36:39, “Wal qamara qaddarnaahu manaazila hatta aada kal urjoonil qadeem” ( “We
have appointed stages for the moon till it returned like an old urjoon
(date stalk))”. Moon does not remain in one place or at same stage in
the sky. It changes its position or stage as well as its shape everyday
and at last it resembles like an old urjoon (date stalk). This
is another form like Hilaal which is one of the phases of the moon seen
on the first day of the month. So it is clear that the word ‘ahillah’ means different shapes of the moon seen to us in different stages of its travel. We call them ‘phases’ in English.
The other word used in 2:189 is "Mawaakeeth".
This is plural of ‘meekath’ which is found in many places in Quran. It means fixed time, date, appointed time, fixed term. “Inna youmal fasli kaana meekathan” (Verily, the Day of Decision is a fixed time - Quran 78:17). Now we get the meaning of “Hiya mawaakeethu linnasi wal Hajj” from Quran as: “they are fixed time (dates) for people and Hajj”.
So we know that phase of the moon show us our dates for our daily needs as well as for our religious observances. This
tells us that we should not use different calendars for civil and
religious purposes. We must use the phases of the moon for our dates in
all purposes, civil as well as religious.
This ayath forbids use of any other calendar.
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Mawaaqeeth: The triliteral root wāw qāf tā (و ق ت) occurs 13 times in the Quran, in four derived forms:
- once as the form II verb uqqitat (أُقِّتَتْ)
- eight times as the noun mīqāt (مِيقَٰت)
- three times as the noun waqt (وَقْت)
- once as the passive participle mawqūt (مَّوْقُوت)
Verb (form II) - to be gathered to an appointed time
(77:11:3) uqqitat | are gathered to their appointed time | وَإِذَا الرُّسُلُ أُقِّتَتْ |
Noun
(2:189:6) mawāqītu | (are) indicators of periods | يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ |
(7:142:8) mīqātu | (the) set term | وَأَتْمَمْنَاهَا بِعَشْرٍ فَتَمَّ مِيقَاتُ رَبِّهِ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً |
(7:143:4) limīqātinā | to Our appointed place |
وَلَمَّا جَاءَ مُوسَىٰ لِمِيقَاتِنَا وَكَلَّ |
(7:155:6) limīqātinā | for Our appointment | وَاخْتَارَ مُوسَىٰ قَوْمَهُ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا لِمِيقَاتِنَا |
(26:38:3) limīqāti | for (the) appointment | فَجُمِعَ السَّحَرَةُ لِمِيقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ |
(44:40:4) mīqātuhum | (is) an appointed term for them |
إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ مِيقَاتُهُمْ أَجْمَ |
(56:50:3) mīqāti | (the) appointment | لَمَجْمُوعُونَ إِلَىٰ مِيقَاتِ يَوْمٍ مَعْلُومٍ |
(78:17:5) mīqātan | an appointed time | إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ كَانَ مِيقَاتًا |
Noun
(7:187:13) liwaqtihā | its time | قُلْ إِنَّمَا عِلْمُهَا عِنْدَ رَبِّي لَا يُجَلِّيهَا لِوَقْتِهَا إِلَّا هُوَ |
(15:38:3) l-waqti | (of) the time | إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْوَقْتِ الْمَعْلُومِ |
(38:81:3) l-waqti | (of) the time | إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْوَقْتِ الْمَعْلُومِ |
Passive participle
(4:103:20) mawqūtan | (at) fixed times | إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَوْقُوتًا |
= Waw-Qaf-Ta = to fix, defined/determined/limited a thing as to time, appoint/declare/assign a time, measure of time (e.g. season).
Wagt (n.):Time.
Miiqaat (n. place): Ordained time or place.
Mawaaqiit (n. acc.): Fixed or stated time or period; Time or place of appointment.
Mauquut (pac. plc. m. sing.): That of which the time is fixed and ordained.
Uggitat (pp. 3rd. p. f. sing. II.): Shall be made to appear at the appointed time; Shall be made to appear in the guise, power and spirit of God's Messengers and clad, as it were, in the mantles of all of them.
Miiqaat (n. place): Ordained time or place.
Mawaaqiit (n. acc.): Fixed or stated time or period; Time or place of appointment.
Mauquut (pac. plc. m. sing.): That of which the time is fixed and ordained.
Uggitat (pp. 3rd. p. f. sing. II.): Shall be made to appear at the appointed time; Shall be made to appear in the guise, power and spirit of God's Messengers and clad, as it were, in the mantles of all of them.
waqata vb. (1) n. vb. 7:187, 15:38, 38:81
pcple. pass. 4:103
pcple. pass. 4:103
miqat n.m. (pl. mawaqit) 2:189, 7:142, 7:143, 7:155, 26:38, 44:40, 56:50, 78:17
waqqata vb. (2) perf. pass. 77:11
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AHILLAH:
ha-Lam-Lam = to appear (new moon), beginning (of lunar month). ahalla - to invoke the name of God upon an animal before slaughtering it.
ahalla vb. (4)
perf. pass. 2:173, 5:3, 6:145, 16:115
perf. pass. 2:173, 5:3, 6:145, 16:115
ahillah n.m. (pl. of hilal) 2:189
The triliteral root hā lām lām (ه ل ل) occurs five times in the Quran, in two derived forms:
- four times as the form IV verb uhilla (أُهِلَّ)
- once as the noun ahillat (أَهِلَّة)
Verb (form IV) - to to be dedicated
(2:173:9) uhilla | has been dedicated | إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ |
(5:3:8) uhilla | has been dedicated | حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ |
(6:145:26) uhilla | [is] dedicated | إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَيْتَةً أَوْ دَمًا مَسْفُوحًا أَوْ لَحْمَ خِنْزِيرٍ فَإِنَّهُ رِجْسٌ أَوْ فِسْقًا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ |
(16:115:9) uhilla | has been dedicated | إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ |
Noun
(2:189:3) l-ahilati | the new moons | يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَهِلَّةِ قُلْ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالْحَجِّ |
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Related Link:
What could be the oldest lunar calendar ever created has been identified on the walls of the famous, prehistoric caves at Lascaux in France.
The interpretation that symbolic paintings, dating back 15,000 years, show the Moon going through its different phases comes from Dr Michael Rappenglueck, of the University of Munich.
:Ancient Lunar Calendar
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/975360.stm
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Related Link:
What could be the oldest lunar calendar ever created has been identified on the walls of the famous, prehistoric caves at Lascaux in France.
The interpretation that symbolic paintings, dating back 15,000 years, show the Moon going through its different phases comes from Dr Michael Rappenglueck, of the University of Munich.
:Ancient Lunar Calendar
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/975360.stm
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(2: 189) പ്രവാചകാ, ജനങ്ങള് നിന്നോട് ചന്ദ്രന്റെ വൃദ്ധിക്ഷയസ്വഭാവങ്ങളെക്കുറിച് ചു ചോദിക്കുന്നു. പറയുക: `അത് മനുഷ്യര്ക്ക് തീയതികള് തിട്ടപ്പെടുത്തുന്നതിനും ഹജ്ജിനുമുള്ള അടയാളങ്ങളാകുന്നു.198
198.
ചന്ദ്രന്റെ വൃദ്ധിക്ഷയങ്ങള് എക്കാലത്തും ജനശ്രദ്ധയാകര്ഷിച്ച ഒരദ്ഭുത
ദൃശ്യമാണ്. തല്സംബന്ധമായി പല ഊഹാപോഹങ്ങളും ആചാരങ്ങളും ജനസമുദായങ്ങളില്
നടപ്പില് വന്നിട്ടുണ്ട്; ഇന്നോളം നടപ്പിലിരിക്കുന്നുമുണ്ട്.
അതിനെപ്പറ്റിയുള്ള അന്ധവിശ്വാസങ്ങള് അറബികളിലും നിലനിന്നിരുന്നു.
ശുഭലക്ഷണങ്ങളും അവലക്ഷണങ്ങളും ചന്ദ്രനോട് ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കുക, തിയ്യതികളില്
ചിലത് ഭാഗ്യമുള്ളതും മറ്റു ചിലത് നഹ്സുള്ളതുമായി ധരിക്കുക, ഒരു പ്രവൃത്തി
ആരംഭിക്കുന്നതിന്നും വിവാഹാടിയന്തിരത്തിന്നും മറ്റും നല്ല ദിവസവും ചീത്ത
ദിവസവും അന്വേഷിക്കുക, ചന്ദ്രന്റെ ഉദയാസ്തമയം, വൃദ്ധിക്ഷയം, ചലനം, ഗ്രഹണം
എന്നിവയുടെ പ്രത്യാഘാതം മനുഷ്യന്റെ ഭാഗ്യദൌര്ഭാഗ്യങ്ങളെ ബാധിക്കുമെന്ന്
ധരിക്കുക തുടങ്ങിയ പലതരം അന്ധവിശ്വാസങ്ങള് അജ്ഞരായ മറ്റു
സമുദായങ്ങളിലെന്നപോലെ അറബികളിലും സ്ഥലംപിടിച്ചിരുന്നു. ഊഹാപോഹങ്ങളെ
ആധാരമാക്കിയുള്ള പലവിധ ആചാരചടങ്ങുകള് അവരില് പ്രചാരത്തില് വരികയും
ചെയ്തിരുന്നു. ഈ വക സംഗതികളെക്കുറിച്ചാണ് നബി(സ)യോട് അവര്
അന്വേഷിച്ചിരുന്നത്. അതിന്നുത്തരമായി അല്ലാഹു അവരെ അറിയിക്കുന്നു: ഏറിയും
കുറഞ്ഞുംകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന ഈ ചന്ദ്രന് നിങ്ങളെസ്സംബന്ധിച്ചിടത്തോളം
പ്രകൃതിയുടെ ഒരു പഞ്ചാംഗമാണ്. ആകാശത്തില് അത് ഉദിച്ചുയര്ന്നുകൊണ്ട്
ഭൂമുഖത്തുള്ള സകല ജനങ്ങള്ക്കും അവരുടെ തിയ്യതികളുടെ കണക്കറിയിച്ചുകൊടുക്കുന്നു. ഹജ്ജിനെ
പ്രത്യേകം എടുത്തുപറഞ്ഞത് അറബികളുടെ മതപരവും നാഗരികവും സാമ്പത്തികവുമായ
ജീവിതത്തില് ഹജ്ജിന്ന് മറ്റെല്ലാറ്റിനെക്കാളും
പ്രാധാന്യമുണ്ടായിരുന്നതുകൊണ്ടാ ണ്. കൊല്ലത്തില് നാല് മാസം ഹജ്ജും
ഉംറയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടവയുമായിരുന്നു. ആ മാസങ്ങളില് യുദ്ധം
നിര്ത്തപ്പെടുന്നതും വഴികള് സുരക്ഷിതമാകുന്നതുമാണ്. സമാധാനം കൈവരുന്നതു
കാരണം കച്ചവടത്തിന്നും അക്കാലത്ത് കൂടുതല് അഭിവൃദ്ധിയുണ്ടായിത്തീരുന്നു.
(തഫ്ഹീമുല് ഖുര്ആന് 2:189 വിശദീകരണം, കുറിപ്പ് 198.)
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